Motion in one dimension - an overview

1. Position and Displacement:

Position:

Location of an object relative to a reference point.

Displacement:

Change in position; includes direction and magnitude.

2. Distance and Displacement:

Distance:

Total path length covered by an object; scalar quantity.

Displacement:

 Straight-line distance from initial to final position; vector quantity.

3. Speed and Velocity:

-Speed:

Rate of motion; scalar quantity (distance/time).

Velocity:

Speed in a specific direction; vector quantity (displacement/time).

4. Average and Instantaneous Velocity:

Average Velocity:

Total displacement divided by total time.

Instantaneous Velocity:

 Velocity at a specific moment in time; determined using calculus.

5. Acceleration:

Acceleration:

Rate of change of velocity; vector quantity (change in velocity/time).

-Uniform Acceleration:

Constant rate of change of velocity.

Non-Uniform Acceleration:

 Changing rate of change of velocity.

6. Equations of Motion (for Uniform Acceleration):

First Equation: v = u + at

Second Equation: s = ut + 1/2 at^2

Third Equation: v^2 = u^2 + 2as

7. Graphical Analysis:

-Distance-Time Graph:

 Slope represents speed; steeper slope indicates faster motion.

-Velocity-Time Graph:

Area under the curve represents displacement; slope represents acceleration.

8. Relative Motion:

Relative Velocity:

Velocity of one object as observed from another object.

9. Free Fall:

- Motion of objects falling under the influence of gravity, without air resistance.

- Acceleration due to gravity (g) is approximately 9.8 m/s^2 downward.

10. Terminologies:

- Scalar: Physical quantity with only magnitude (e.g., speed, distance).

- Vector: Physical quantity with both magnitude and direction (e.g., velocity, displacement).

- Frame of Reference: Coordinate system used to describe motion.