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Where the mind is without fear and the head is held high; Where knowledge is free; Where the world has not been broken up into fragments by domestic walls; Where words come out from the depth of truth; Where tireless striving stretches its arms towards perfection; Where the clear stream of reason has not lost its way into the dreary desert sand of dead habit; Where the mind is led forward by thee into ever-widening thought and action Into that heaven of freedom, my father, let my country awake.

Big Bang Theory - The Premise The Big Bang theory is an effort to explain what happened at the very beginning of our universe. Discoveries in astronomy and physics have shown beyond a reasonable doubt that our universe did in fact have a beginning. Prior to that moment there was nothing; during and after that moment there was something: our universe. The big bang theory is an effort to explain what happened during and after that moment. According to the standard theory, our universe sprang into existence as "singularity" around 13.7 billion years ago. What is a "singularity" and where does it come from? Well, to be honest, we don't know for sure. Singularities are zones which defy our current understanding of physics. They are thought to exist at the core of "black holes." Black holes are areas of intense gravitational pressure. The pressure is thought to be so intense that finite matter is actually squished into infinite density (a m...

GUT The term Grand Unified Theory or GUT, refers to any of several similar models in particle physics in which at high energy scales, the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, are merged into one single interaction characterized by a larger gauge symmetry and one unified coupling constant rather than three independent ones History : Historically, the first true GUT which was based on the simple Lie group SU(5), was proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow in 1974.The Georgi–Glashow model was preceded by the Semisimple Lie algebra Pati–Salam model by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati,who pioneered the idea to unify gauge interactions. Unification of forces and the role of supersymmetry : The renormalization group running of the three-gauge couplings has been found to nearly, but not quite, meet at the same point if the hypercharge is normalized so that it is consistent with SU(5) or SO(10) GUTs,...

Superconductivity: So simple, yet so hard to explain! For half a century the world's most brilliant physics theorists tried scribbling equations, only to crumple the paper and hurl it at a wastebasket. Bend a metal wire into a circle, make it as cold as  you possibly can, and set an electric current moving around it. The current can persist. Put the circle of wire above a magnet, and it will float there until the end of the world. In the decades after this strange discovery, physicists figured  out the laws of relativity and quantum mechanics. They worked out equations to calculate all the colors and chemistry of the natural world, they cracked open the atomic nucleus, they uncovered the forces that light the stars... and still nobody had explained that little floating wire. This exhibit tells how three extraordinary minds worked together  to finally solve the puzzle. You will see that getting to a new theory may take not just one "Moment of Discover...

“ The experiment left no doubt that, as far as accuracy of measurement went, the resistance disappeared. At the same time, however, something unexpected occurred. The disappearance did not take place gradually but abruptly. From 1/500 the resistance at 4.2K, it could be established that the resistance had become less than a thousand-millionth part of that at normal temperature. Thus the mercury at 4.2K has entered a new state, which, owing to its particular electrical properties, can be called th state of superconductivity. “ — Heike Kamerlingh Onnes A GLIMPSE SUPERCONDUCTIVITY is a fascinating and challenging field of physics. Scientists and engineers throughout the world have been striving to develop an understanding of this remarkable phenomenon for many years. For nearly 75 years superconductivity has been a relatively obscure subject. Today however, superconductivity is being applied to many diverse areas such as: medicine, theoretical and experimental science, the milita...