GUT
The term Grand Unified Theory or GUT, refers to any of several
similar models in particle physics in which at high energy scales,
the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define
the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, are merged
into one single interaction characterized by a larger gauge
symmetry and one unified coupling constant rather than three
independent ones
History :
Historically, the first true GUT which was based on the simple
Lie group SU(5), was proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow
in 1974.The Georgi–Glashow model was preceded by the Semisimple Lie
algebra Pati–Salam model by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati,who pioneered
the idea to unify gauge interactions.
Unification of forces and the role of supersymmetry :
The renormalization group running of the three-gauge couplings has been
found to nearly, but not quite, meet at the same point if the hypercharge
is normalized so that it is consistent with SU(5) or SO(10) GUTs, which
are precisely the GUT groups which lead to a simple fermion unification.
This is a significant result, as other Lie groups lead to different
normalizations. However, if the supersymmetric extension MSSM is used
instead of the Standard Model, the match becomes much more accurate.
It is commonly believed that this matching is unlikely to be a coincidence.
Also, most model builders simply assume supersymmetry (SUSY) because it
solves the hierarchy problem—i.e., it stabilizes the electroweak Higgs mass
against radiative corrections. And the Majorana mass of the right-handed
neutrino SO(10) theories with its mass set to the gauge unification scale
is examined, values for the left-handed neutrino masses (see neutrino oscillation)
are produced via the seesaw mechanism. These values are 10–100 times
smaller than the GUT scale, but still relatively close.
(For a more elementary introduction to how Lie algebras are related to
particle physics, see the article Particle physics and representation theory.)
Current status :
As of 2009, there is still no hard evidence that nature is described by a Grand
Unified Theory. Moreover, since the Higgs particle has not yet been observed,
the smaller electroweak unification is still pending.The discovery of
neutrino oscillations indicates that the Standard Model is incomplete and
has led to renewed interest toward certain GUT such as SO(10). One of the few
possible experimental tests of certain GUT is proton decay and also fermion
masses. There are a few more special tests for supersymmetric GUT.
The gauge coupling strengths of QCD, the weak interaction and hypercharge
seem to meet at a common length scale called the GUT scale and equal
approximately to 1016 GeV, which is slightly suggestive. This interesting
numerical observation is called the gauge coupling unification, and it works
particularly well if one assumes the existence of superpartners of the
Standard Model particles. Still it is possible to achieve the same by postulating,
for instance, that ordinary (non supersymmetric) SO(10) models break with
an intermediate gauge scale, such as the one of Pati-Salam group
The research still continues...........................
The term Grand Unified Theory or GUT, refers to any of several
similar models in particle physics in which at high energy scales,
the three gauge interactions of the Standard Model which define
the electromagnetic, weak, and strong interactions, are merged
into one single interaction characterized by a larger gauge
symmetry and one unified coupling constant rather than three
independent ones
History :
Historically, the first true GUT which was based on the simple
Lie group SU(5), was proposed by Howard Georgi and Sheldon Glashow
in 1974.The Georgi–Glashow model was preceded by the Semisimple Lie
algebra Pati–Salam model by Abdus Salam and Jogesh Pati,who pioneered
the idea to unify gauge interactions.
Unification of forces and the role of supersymmetry :
The renormalization group running of the three-gauge couplings has been
found to nearly, but not quite, meet at the same point if the hypercharge
is normalized so that it is consistent with SU(5) or SO(10) GUTs, which
are precisely the GUT groups which lead to a simple fermion unification.
This is a significant result, as other Lie groups lead to different
normalizations. However, if the supersymmetric extension MSSM is used
instead of the Standard Model, the match becomes much more accurate.
It is commonly believed that this matching is unlikely to be a coincidence.
Also, most model builders simply assume supersymmetry (SUSY) because it
solves the hierarchy problem—i.e., it stabilizes the electroweak Higgs mass
against radiative corrections. And the Majorana mass of the right-handed
neutrino SO(10) theories with its mass set to the gauge unification scale
is examined, values for the left-handed neutrino masses (see neutrino oscillation)
are produced via the seesaw mechanism. These values are 10–100 times
smaller than the GUT scale, but still relatively close.
(For a more elementary introduction to how Lie algebras are related to
particle physics, see the article Particle physics and representation theory.)
Current status :
As of 2009, there is still no hard evidence that nature is described by a Grand
Unified Theory. Moreover, since the Higgs particle has not yet been observed,
the smaller electroweak unification is still pending.The discovery of
neutrino oscillations indicates that the Standard Model is incomplete and
has led to renewed interest toward certain GUT such as SO(10). One of the few
possible experimental tests of certain GUT is proton decay and also fermion
masses. There are a few more special tests for supersymmetric GUT.
The gauge coupling strengths of QCD, the weak interaction and hypercharge
seem to meet at a common length scale called the GUT scale and equal
approximately to 1016 GeV, which is slightly suggestive. This interesting
numerical observation is called the gauge coupling unification, and it works
particularly well if one assumes the existence of superpartners of the
Standard Model particles. Still it is possible to achieve the same by postulating,
for instance, that ordinary (non supersymmetric) SO(10) models break with
an intermediate gauge scale, such as the one of Pati-Salam group
The research still continues...........................
The New Mathematical Approach to Correct & Consistent GUT - Riemann-Rementilla Vector Dual Field Hyperdensity Matrix [Non-Euclidean] Mathematics
ReplyDeleteJust recently, there is this GUT & TOE combined scientific & mathematical works termed as Nature's Blueprint by Bernard Rementilla, a research mechanical engineer & thermodynamics professor in the Philippines. This Nature's Blueprint, according to him, is basically a reconstructive, technical & quantitative approach to extend GF Bernhard Riemann's Positive Non-Euclidean Geometry into a Vector Field (Hyperdensity-N-dimension of Dual Function) Matrix Mathematics that can extra-polate a 52-dimension Nature's space-time-energy of the whole Cosmos, which is the key to extract 2 fields of the Universe: Energy Field & Force Field & the NEW HIDDEN 13 field constants, respectively: 13 Field Constants of Energy Field & 13 Field Constants of Force Field, totaling new 26 Vector Field Constants hidden into a 52-dimension Universe dual complex hyperdensity space-time-energy and so on. These two vector fields, & the 26 hidden new constants are the key to the correct path to the true GUT & TOE. The new extended version of GF Bernhard Riemann's positve Non Euclidean Energy, termed the Riemann-Rementilla Vector Field (Hyperdensity-N-Dimension Dual Function) Matrix Non-Euclidean Mathematics, is what makes it technically, scientifically, & numerically possible by which the accurate formulation of the true Grand Unification Theory, & the exact configuration of the Theory of Everything are consistently integrated in the mathematically combined Energy Field & Force Field - embracing the totality of the Universe's 52 dimensions that put life into every fundamental equation of Physics, Chemistry, & Biology. All of these are found & explained in the Nature's Blueprint.
This new Grand Unification Theory Perspective is only & solely based on Rementilla's new configuration of the Theory of Everything he termed "Nature's Blueprint" & is mathematically possible <> on account of this Blueprint's 26 new unifying field constants, mathematically integrating both energy field & force field - the result is the unification of four (4) forces of Nature: gravity, weak & strong forces, & emf.
Why Scientists & Mathematicians Fail to Configure the Correct GUT?
According to Rementilla, it is the complete absence of the Energy Field & Force Field & their combined NEW Nature's 26 unifying constants in the works of the scientists & mathematicians that make them hardly see the accurate configuration & formulation of nature's GUT, hence, they have failed.
The Fundamental Validity of Bernard Rementilla's Works on GUT & TOE.
ReplyDeleteThe fundamental validity of gpw Bernard Rementilla's GUT & TOE formulation/configuration lies in the mathematically integrating both the Non-Physical Energy and the Physical Energy of the Cosmos. This work of gpw B. Rementilla is <> non-precedent, off the marks of what has been done thus far; & still far far off the ordinary path....
If a scientist only considers the physical energy in his/her formulation of the GUT , then he/she can hardly configure the combined micro & macro dimensions of the true TOE , hence, will fail to find the true Mathematical Expression(s) of GUT, based on the cosmic principle of Duality of Nature.
-Bernard Bautista Rementilla